The metrics of self efficacy and self assessment were surveyed and analysed in order to examine the effectiveness of note taking instruction on emotional aspects of participants during a blended learning course. The changes of emotional aspects due to student's individual characteristics were also analysed. Participants were surveyed twice during the course, using the metrics mentioned above, and their emotional and cognitive changes were evaluated. The number of valid participants was 54. Scores of metrics between the two surveys were compared. Though most scores for self‑efficacy and self assessment decreased, this suggests that participants recognised their actual learning situation well. The relationship between the metrics and student's characteristics was examined. To illustrate participant's emotional and cognitive changes, causal analysis was introduced. The relationships between scores for self‑efficacy and self evaluation in the two surveys were analysed and compared. Also, the impact of improvements in note‑taking skills on changes in self‑efficacy and self‑evaluation were examined using causal analyses. These results show that note‑taking activities significantly stimulated the level of self‑efficacy and self‑assessment when the lecturer's instructions were able to improve note‑taking skills factor scores during the course. 

Students claim to learn a lot from advising and feedback on assignments. This is one of the results in a survey amongst students at The Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences. Traditionally, advising is mainly a face‑to‑face activity. However, with an increasing number of courses offered online, it is timely to discuss how to conduct advising sessions online and using an online medium. The meeting between the student and advisor contains a number of factors; for example: eye contact, tone of voice and facial mimic. Many subtle features establish the relationship between the advisor and student. The student needs to communicate the assignment and to trust the advisor, at the other hand the advisor needs to be reassured that the student understand and trust the feedback. This paper discusses how written advising sessions can be undertaken using an online medium, and still maintain the roles, the trust and secure the communication. 

The methods of geospatial data processing are being continually innovated, and universities that are focused on educating experts in Environmental Science should reflect this reality with an elaborate and purpose‑built modernization of the education process, education content, as well as learning conditions. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have the dominant role in geospatial data processing. GIS education of students in Environmental Science (ES) in master´s degree can be divided into two main approaches ‑ to teach about GIS and to teach with GIS. Approach “to teach with GIS” is mainly focused on teaching of Landscape Spatial Analysis with use of concrete GIS analytical tools. Students use the tools for solving of concrete problems. They work with real data and methods. The spatial analysis learned can help to manage conflicts of interest within the country, and to assess the impact of human activity on the environment. On the other hand students learn about GIS via tools and methods in concrete GIS software. To achieve higher efficiency in teaching Landscape Spatial Analysis we have created a model of GIS education based on the idea of inquiry‑based learning (IBL). In an effort to get closer to the approach used for real problematic task solving, it is essential to include several interconnected systems into the education. While the Global Positioning System (GPS) Web Map Service (WMS) and Database management systems (DBMS) present the work with geospatial data similarly as GIS, Learning Management System (LMS) represents a valuable information source for students as well as an instrument for communication between teacher and students and among the students themselves during work on student projects. The proposed model can offer support of student´s motivation to learn, increased efficiency of education process and improvement preparation of students for their profession. 

The paper focuses on the cultural content of online electronic materials developed primarily by Czech in‑service teachers of mathematics for smartboards. The author presents an analysis of these materials with a focus on the cultural settings of word problems they contain. The paper builds on a poster presented on ECEL 2015 conference and a paper presented on ECEL 2016 conference. The question the author asks is how innovative electronic materials are as far as their cultural, non‑mathematical content is concerned. Are these materials a mere conversion of problems from traditional hardcopy textbooks or have its authors gone further, introducing new motives, images and realities? Do they use the potential of the online environment that allows easy updates (unlike hardcopy textbooks that are used without any change for years, even decades)? The author builds on her research in the area of non‑mathematical content of mathematics textbooks (Moraová, 2013) and of problems posed by teacher trainees (Moraová, 2014). The here presented research combines qualitative and quantitative approaches. The author analyses one hundred and seventeen online activities from the website www.veskole.cz. Word problems are classified according to their cultural content and the most frequent images are described and commented upon. The findings of this study are of interest to in‑service mathematics teachers planning to develop an online teaching unit, mathematics educators but also policy makers as not much attention is paid to the cultural contents of mathematics teaching materials. 

PISA study has defined several key areas to be paid attention to by teachers. One of these areas is work with models. The term model can be understood very broadly, it can refer to a drawing of a chemical reaction, a plastic model, a permanent mount (taxidermy) to advanced 3D projections. Teachers are no longer confined to teaching materials and aids available physically at schools. Thanks to information technology, models can be included in lessons almost without any limits. However, work with models is very specific due to the simple fact that a model always differs from what it represents. Efficiency of education using ICT can be affected negatively in case that work with complex models requires high level of abstraction which pupils are not capable of (Harrison and Treagust, 2000). Jančaříková (2015) points out that – due to the demands on upper secondary pupils – children must be taught how to relate models to real objects from very early stages. Linking an object to its model – isomorphism is the basis for successful work with models. Work with models thus must be developed systematically and consistently and included into teaching of younger learners. The scope of work with models in natural sciences is gradually increasing. However, the fact that we are able to project models to pupils using information technology does not mean that pupils will be able to understand them. In this paper we want to point out that not enough attention is paid to work with models (not only in the Czech Republic) – methodology of work with models does not exist and is not taught to pre‑service teachers. The paper classifies types of models we come across in lessons, describes basic differences between objects and reality they represent and proposes possible ways of systematic inclusion of models into teaching. 

“The use of e‑learning and modern technologies is an integral part of teaching descriptive geometry” (Rankowski and Minaruth, 1979). Teachers often create Flash animations, websites and other interactive materials for their students using special tools and software; e.g. Cabri, GeoGebra or Construct 3D (García et al, 2007). There is an option of installing GeoGebra plugin within the frame of LMS Moodle, which results in having two important parts of self‑study in one place. Thus, it might be a solid background for creation of integrated materials, which should support the development of spatial imagination. However, “this is the ability most students lack, which results in having problems with understanding simple tasks in descriptive geometry” (Gittler and Judith, 1998), which also leads to the fact, that Monge projection is not a favourite topic for them. This article continues the paper (Ferdiánová and Poruba, 2016), in which paper models of basic tasks in Monge projection, designed as supportive material for teaching geometry, were presented. The aim of this paper is to introduce interactive materials for Monge projection, which are implemented into LMS Moodle, as well as show results of pilot research of influence of using these materials on students. Students have geometric tasks, anaglyph models and templates for creation of paper models, which were used for better visualisation of geometric relationships in space, at disposal. Outcomes of pilot research questionnaires and tests are processed by basic statistical methods, e.g. Wilcox test. Outcomes of pilot testing influence further changes of usage interactive materials and LMS Moodle in self‑study process. 

Developing countries lacking capabilities, funds and human resources are compelled to improve the digital literacy rates of their task force through educational initiatives. This is the case of Tunisia where a stand‑alone in‑service teacher education (Ted) initiative was implemented in 2014 and 2015. The aim of this project, the Tech Age Teacher Project (TATP), was to equip teachers in Tunisia with the technology skills for teaching so that they can dispense teaching of a 21st‑century education quality. Five English language teachers, who benefitted from this initiative, are the focus of this study. The aim was to explore whether and how they are making the transition into the technologically‑challenged schools. Analysis of the TATP documents, data is collected through a short teacher questionnaire and a semi‑structured interview during which teachers give their personal accounts as TAT trainees and their attempts to apply the ideas in real school settings. Results indicated that teachers showed great dedication toward implementing the ideas/skills received in the training and that they strove, as technology‑capable teachers, to integrate technology in their day‑to‑day practice despite the constraints they faced in the schools. Their accounts reveal their rationale and motives for using technology with their students and the strategies they employ to circumvent obstacles, but also show that their success in integrating technology remains restricted by issues of infrastructure, barred access to a technology space, learners' "playful" attitudes, etc. The findings highlight these teachers' resourcefulness and sense of mission as to transforming their learners' learning experience and changing their attitudes towards technology use and to fostering 21st‑century education learning goals. The paper concludes with recommendations for future initiatives to (re)design and (re)orient the goals of the initiative towards supporting these teachers' learning processes as they make the transition as technology‑capable teachers into the technology‑challenged schools. Recommendations are made for the emerging professional community of technology‑capable teachers to build a networked community of practice likely to foster these teachers' reconstruction of their professional knowledge and skills and to facilitate the dissemination of ideas on the integration of technology in education.